Only 40% of the patients produced IgM in their first week when they got infected with the SARS\CoV\2 but this percentage of patients saw a drastic rise to about 95% in the following 2 weeks,?that is, 12C14 days. hit by a novel I2906 virus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\CoV\2), which later developed in a pandemic causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\19). It has since then infected over 30 million people all over the world with over 24 million recoveries and over a million deaths (end of September 2020). Real\time reverse\transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT\PCR) continues to be a test technique that is widely used to validate the results of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of COVID\19. Though there have been improvements in this technique, parts of the world like the United States still have a limited track record of rRT\PCR testing. In other places like China, this method was used for clinical COVID\19 patients and it produced suboptimal sensitivity results with 72 out of 104 sputa being positive, 5 out of 8 nasal swabs, and 126 out of 392 pharyngeal swabs being positive (Huang et al.,?2020).?These results conform with barriers that have already been seen in the molecular diagnosis of this novel coronavirus, SARS\CoV\2. Some of these challenges include but not limited to low viral count during the onset of the disease, lack of a gold standard to confirm various tests, and also, the wide genetical variations in the strains that have been identified. To augment the rRT\PCR technique, some serological tests of various forms were created that can probe immunoglobulins (Ig) like IgG?and IgM for viral proteins of SARS\CoV\2. However, just like the rRT\PCR, these tests also have their barriers. So far, the challenges that have been seen across different regions include delayed positivity, response and function of the host I2906 immune system, and interference of other coronaviruses in detecting SARS\CoV\2 (Ozturk et al.,?2020). 2.?ANTIBODY PRODUCTION The human immune system produces antibodies which are mainly blood proteins that serve the function of protecting the body from the attack of both external and internal substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign to the body like viruses. These antibodies can avert future attacks from similar or the same foreign bodies and are mainly found in the bloodstream and body secretions, such as saliva. The immune systems’ response to SARS\CoV\2 through the antibodies produced against it is important to determine the progress of the disease and also in providing the best available supportive care (Saghazadeh & Rezaei,?2020b). Antibodies like IgG and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are specific for their function, and, therefore, are very important for preventing an individual’s immune system from attack and averting pathogens into the cells after a I2906 viral attack leading to an infection. The antibody detection gives vital clinical information of a viral attack just like in patients with COVID\19. A study reports that researchers at Chongqing Medical University found out that almost all 285 COVID\19 patients in their study produced IgM, as it is the foremost antibody that is produced during an infection to protect the body. Only 40% of the patients produced IgM in their first week when they got infected with the SARS\CoV\2 but this percentage of patients saw a drastic rise to Rabbit polyclonal to PDCD6 about 95% in the following 2 weeks,?that is, 12C14 days. All the I2906 subjects in this study also produce IgG antibodies. So far, the antibodies that are most important in SARS\CoV\2 are the IgG antibodies. Antibodies to SARS\CoV\2 can be found in the middle and later stages of the disease. Antibody detection can play an important role in the COVID\19 diagnosis as a complementary approach to assays with viral nucleic acids (Qu et al.,?2020; Nasab et al.,?2020). Antibody tests of the blood (and in some cases saliva) detect whether the antibody is present or absent. I2906 Although their production in patients with COVID\19 occurs later as compared to IgM, IgGs have the noumenon to confer sustained immunity to patients.