HvE, JK and AvE critically reviewed the manuscript. S4. Tumor cell uptake with anti-hSIRP is most effective in absence of FcR binding. 40425_2019_772_MOESM7_ESM.pdf (444K) GUID:?AC6DA4D8-9901-4009-B4D2-0DA5333B781A Additional file 8: Figure S5. Chimeric hSIRP.40A does not impair platelet function. 40425_2019_772_MOESM8_ESM.pdf (122K) GUID:?0F3907FF-F17A-4CCA-AF07-38FC0B780C7B Additional file 9: Figure S6. Anti-hSIRP has a more selective binding profile as compared to anti-CD47. 40425_2019_772_MOESM9_ESM.pdf (149K) GUID:?EB813518-9622-49F1-9B46-A664B31D91DD Additional file Rabbit Polyclonal to MAEA 10: Figure S7. Anti-hSIRP does not impair CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell proliferation. 40425_2019_772_MOESM10_ESM.pdf (148K) GUID:?A1A00E3C-4238-4860-B9A1-3A7AA30754CD Additional file 11: Figure S8. ADU-1805 is devoid of immune effector functions exemplified in complement and FcR-dependent assays. 40425_2019_772_MOESM11_ESM.pdf (215K) GUID:?FCDAE66C-AB9E-49E2-8C68-2BA715E7DA18 Additional file 12: Figure S9. ADU-1805 does not induce cytokine release in human whole blood. 40425_2019_772_MOESM12_ESM.pdf (141K) GUID:?AD1CCEBB-9079-4C2C-8C2F-763D0F10D94B Additional file 13: Figure S10. Cross-reactivity of ADU-1805 to cynomolgus monkey SIRP. 40425_2019_772_MOESM13_ESM.pdf (144K) GUID:?1BE2C7F5-BF79-4E11-BF4F-97104F0E0BC7 Vofopitant dihydrochloride Data Availability StatementAll data generated that are relevant to the results presented in this article are included in this article and its supplementary files (Additional files). Other data that were not relevant for the results presented here are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Abstract Background Accumulating preclinical data Vofopitant dihydrochloride indicate that targeting the SIRP/CD47 axis alone or in combination with existing targeted therapies Vofopitant dihydrochloride or immune checkpoint inhibitors enhances tumor rejection. Although several CD47-targeting agents are currently in phase I clinical trials and demonstrate activity in combination therapy, high and frequent dosing was required and safety signals (acute anemia, thrombocytopenia) were recorded frequently as adverse events. Based on the restricted expression pattern of SIRP we hypothesized that antibodies targeting SIRP might avoid some of the concerns noted for CD47-targeting agents. Methods SIRP-targeting antibodies were generated and characterized for binding to human SIRP alleles and blockade of the interaction with CD47. Functional activity was established in vitro using human macrophages or neutrophils co-cultured with human Burkitts lymphoma cell lines. The effect of SIRP versus CD47 targeting on human T-cell activation was studied using an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction and a enterotoxin B-induced T-cell proliferation assay. Potential safety concerns of the selected SIRP-targeting antibody were addressed in vitro using a hemagglutination assay and a whole blood cytokine release assay, and in vivo in a single-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys. Results The humanized monoclonal IgG2 antibody ADU-1805 binds to all known human SIRP alleles, showing minimal binding to SIRP1, while cross-reacting with SIRP, and potently blocking the interaction of SIRP with CD47. Reduced FcR binding proved critical to retaining its function towards phagocyte activation. In vitro characterization demonstrated that ADU-1805 promotes macrophage phagocytosis, with similar potency to anti-CD47 antibodies, and enhances neutrophil trogocytosis. Unlike CD47-targeting agents, ADU-1805 does not interfere with T-cell activation and is not expected to require frequent and extensive dosing due to the restricted expression of SIRP to cells of the myeloid lineage. ADU-1805 is cross-reactive to cynomolgus monkey SIRP and upon single-dose intravenous administration in these non-human primates (NHPs) did not show any signs of anemia, thrombocytopenia or other toxicities. Conclusions Blocking the SIRP-CD47 interaction via SIRP, while similarly efficacious in vitro, differentiates ADU-1805 from CD47-targeting agents with respect to safety and absence of inhibition of T-cell activation. The data presented herein support further advancement of ADU-1805 towards clinical development. Keywords: Cancer immunotherapy, SIRP, CD47, Innate immune checkpoint, Myeloid cells Background Analogous to the well-established T-cell immune checkpoints (i.e. PD-1, CTLA-4), signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) is regarded as an innate immune checkpoint expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils [1]. SIRP is an inhibitory receptor and member of the so-called paired immune receptor family and has several ligands including the surfactant proteins (e.g. Sp-A and Sp-D) [2], and CD47 [3]. CD47 serves as a self molecule signal with its best-characterized functions in the homeostasis of complement- or Ig-opsonized red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. Binding of CD47 to SIRP inhibits phagocytosis of these cells by macrophages thereby preventing their homeostatic clearance [4, 5]. The overexpression of CD47 on numerous human cancers [6C11] suggested that tumor cells may evade phagocytosis and clearance by upregulating CD47 expression. Vofopitant dihydrochloride Targeting of the SIRP/CD47 axis in the context of cancer using an anti-CD47 blocking antibody enhanced phagocytosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells [6]. In addition, targeting the SIRP/CD47 axis enhances tumor growth inhibition by existing tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies (e.g. rituximab, trastuzumab, alemtuzumab, daratumumab and cetuximab) [8, 12C14] and synergizes with other treatments including chemotherapy [15], radiotherapy [16], targeted therapy using.