Ten nanograms of ISTD in 50?mM TEABC were again added to the post-IP supernatant prior to the third sequential immunoprecipitation, which was performed with HJ30.11 (tail antibody). Bound NfL was digested on beads with 400?ng MS-grade trypsin/Lys-C (Promega) for 16?h at 37C and samples were extracted as described above. Quantitative IP-MS method To eliminate the need for sequential addition of ISTD, antibodies targeting Coil 1A/1B of the rod domain (HJ30.13), Coil 2B of the rod domain (HJ30.4) and the tail region (HJ30.11) were mixed 1:1:1 to generate an antibody slurry with a final concentration of 10% (i.e. 1?mg/ml) of each antibody. a C-terminal fragment containing the tail domain. No full-length neurofilament light was identified in CSF. This contrasts with brain tissue, which contained mostly full-length neurofilament and a C-terminal tail domain fragment. We observed an increase in neurofilament light concentrations in individuals with Alzheimers disease compared with healthy controls, with larger differences for some neurofilament light species than for others. The largest differences were observed for neurofilament light fragments including NfL165 (in Coil 1B), NfL324 (in Coil 2B) and NfL530 (in the C-terminal tail domain). The Uman immunoassay correlated most with NfL324. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of neurofilament light in brain and CSF and enables future investigations of neurofilament light biology and utility as a biomarker. for 10?min to remove cell debris and was immediately frozen at ?80C. Brain samples included previously lysed samples stored at ?80C for assay development, and Vilanterol trifenatate were from controls without amyloid or tau pathology. 14 All Alzheimers disease samples and control CSF samples were collected during a previous study,18 aliquoted and stored at ?80C. Amyloid status was previously defined by PET Pittsburgh Compound-B (PET PIB mean cortical binding potential 0.18?=?amyloid-positive) when available, and by CSF A 42/A 40 (concentration ratio of amyloid beta peptide 1C42 divided by amyloid beta peptide 1C40) when PET PIB was not available (CSF A 42/A 40 concentration ratio 0.12?=?amyloid-positive).18 The validation cohort included CSF samples from 30 symptomatic amyloid-positive participants, 16 asymptomatic amyloid-positive participants, 10 symptomatic amyloid-negative Vilanterol trifenatate participants and 25 amyloid-negative controls. Participant demographics are shown in Supplementary Table 1. Antibody development, screening and characterization Monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human NfL were generated by immunization of 8-week-old Balb/c3 mice with recombinant NfL protein (rec-NfL) produced in bacteria (head?+?core, see Supplementary material for amino acid sequence) using complete Freunds adjuvant (Sigma) as previously described for generation of tau monoclonal antibodies.19 For the initial screening of antibodies, supernatants from hybridoma cells were added to 96-well plates coated with rec-NfL. After binding to rec-NfL, the HJ30 series of antibodies were detected by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Clones that reacted with rec-NfL and bovine NfL, but not with a negative control protein were grown, sub-cloned and subsequently frozen in liquid nitrogen. Reactivity against human NfL was determined by western blot from the cortex of human brain samples. Twenty-three antibodies underwent further screening and were cross-linked to M270 Epoxy Dynabeads (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturers instructions and assessed for their ability to immunoprecipitate full-length rec-NfL and native NfL from pooled CSF used for assay development. Briefly, for rec-NfL, 10?l of 5?ng/l rec-NfL in 1% human serum albumin (HSA) were added to 40?l of 100?mM triethyl ammonium bicarbonate buffer (TEABC). For native Vilanterol trifenatate NfL, frozen CSF samples were thawed at room temperature, and 450?l of the thawed CSF was transferred to a new tube. 25?l of a master mix containing detergent (1% NP-40),?chaotropic?reagent (5?mM guanidine) and protease inhibitors (Roche complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), and Mouse monoclonal to CD20.COC20 reacts with human CD20 (B1), 37/35 kDa protien, which is expressed on pre-B cells and mature B cells but not on plasma cells. The CD20 antigen can also be detected at low levels on a subset of peripheral blood T-cells. CD20 regulates B-cell activation and proliferation by regulating transmembrane Ca++ conductance and cell-cycle progression 20?l of 0.5?ng/ml NfL internal standard (ISTD) in 50?mM TEABC was then added. Lys, Arg, 13C15N labelled full-length rec-NfL (Promise Advanced Proteomics) was used as the ISTD. Both recombinant and native NfL were immunoprecipitated by adding 30?l of a 30% (i.e. 3?mg/ml) slurry of an antibody-conjugated bead preparation and rotating the sample for 120?min at room temperature. The antibody-conjugated beads were magnetically separated, and the post-IP supernatant was removed. The beads were washed three times in 1?ml of 25?mM TEABC (per wash). The bound NfL was digested on beads with 400?ng MS-grade trypsin/Lys-C (Promega) for 16?h at 37C. Digests were loaded Vilanterol trifenatate onto TopTip C18 (Glygen, TT2C18.96), desalted and eluted per the manufacturers instructions. The eluants were dried without heat and stored at ?80C until analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (see the Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry section). Sixteen antibodies recovered full-length recombinant protein (Supplementary Fig. 1). Based on peptide profiles from native NfL immunoprecipitated from pooled CSF, antibodies were determined to have epitopes against the N-terminal portion of the rod domain, the C-terminal portion of the rod domain or the C-terminus of NfL (Supplementary Fig. 2). Antibodies with high recovery and NfL specificity were chosen for each of these NfL domains and used in qualitative and quantitative IP-MS assays. None.